Background: Chemotherapy (CT)-induced oral/oropharyngeal mucositis (OM) is a manifestation of widespread mucosal inflammation, whereas radiation therapy (RT)-induced OM particularly affects irradiated mucosa. There is only limited research comparing clinical OM presentations and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).
Aims: To document the differences between CT-induced OM and RT-induced OM, as assessed by clinical presentation and PROMs.
Methods: Study participants were 10 patients with head and neck cancer receiving RT including the oral cavity/oropharynx and 20 patients undergoing CT conditioning for allogenic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. OM was mapped and the severity scored using a modified Oral Mucositis Assessment Scale (OMAS). PROMs were collected using modified Oral Mucositis Daily and Weekly Questionnaires (OMDQ, OMWQ).
Results: All CT participants reported no dysfunction with activities (sleep, swallowing, drinking, eating, talking) at baseline, which peaked in dysfunction severity at treatment week 2 before returning back towards baseline by week 6. In the RT group, all activities except sleep had a higher percentage of no dysfunction at week 1 compared to baseline. By treatment week 6, most or all RT participants reported an inability to perform all functions. There was a significant relationship between RT OMAS scores and all modified OMDQ questions (p=0.00), and between selected CT OMWQ questions and OMAS scores (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Differences in the trajectory of PROMs were observed between the RT and CT groups. The modified OMAS is a valid tool demonstrating a highly significant relationship with the modified OMDQ and OMWQ. Additionally, patient-reported dysfunctions due to OM-related mouth and throat soreness had a significant relationship with the clinical manifestations of CT and RT-related OM. The OMDQ and OMWQ provide an insight into the clinical severity of RT and CT-related OM, therefore have an important role in OM management and may optimise treatment outcomes for patients.