Aims: In the phase 3 JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial, avelumab first-line maintenance + best supportive care (BSC) significantly prolonged overall survival (OS) vs BSC alone in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) without disease progression with first-line chemotherapy (gemcitabine + cisplatin [GemCis] or carboplatin [GemCar]). We report prespecified subgroup analyses.
Methods: Patients were randomized 1:1 to avelumab + BSC (n=350) or BSC alone (n=350), stratified by best response to first-line chemotherapy (complete/partial response [CR/PR] vs stable disease [SD]) and by visceral vs nonvisceral disease. The primary endpoint was OS (from randomization). PD-L1 status was assessed using the Ventana SP263 assay.
Results: Median follow-up was >19 months. An OS benefit with avelumab + BSC vs BSC alone (HR [95% CI]) was observed across prespecified subgroups, including patients who received GemCis (0.69 [0.51, 0.94]) or GemCar (0.66 [0.47, 0.91]) as first-line chemotherapy; patients with objective response (CR/PR; 0.69 [0.53, 0.89]) or SD (0.70 [0.46, 1.05]) as best response to first-line chemotherapy; and patients with visceral (0.82 [0.62, 1.09]) and nonvisceral metastases (0.54 [0.38, 0.76]). An OS benefit with avelumab + BSC vs BSC alone (HR [95% CI]) was also seen in patients with ECOG performance status of 0 (0.64 [0.48, 0.86]) or ≥1 (0.74 [0.54, 1.03]); creatinine clearance ≥60 mL/min (0.68 [0.50, 0.92]) or <60 mL/min (0.68 [0.50, 0.94]); and PD-L1+ (0.56 [0.40, 0.78]) or PD-L1− (0.86 [0.62, 1.18]) tumors. No significant treatment-by-subgroup interaction (at 0.05 level) was observed for any subgroup variable. Observations were similar for progression-free survival.
Conclusions: Avelumab first-line maintenance + BSC provided OS benefit vs BSC alone across prespecified subgroups in patients whose disease had not progressed with first-line chemotherapy. These results support avelumab first-line maintenance as standard of care for patients with advanced UC without disease progression with first-line chemotherapy.